Windows Update is a key tool in diagnosing many Windows-related problems. It's handy to know a few shortcuts to assist in diagnosis.
GUI
There is a basic GUI built into Windows (since Vista). This can be instantly accessed by typing the command "
wuapp", which works if you type this word into a Cmd window, into the Win7 Start Menu and also into the Windows 8/8.1/2012 Metro interface Start Menu.
This GUI will tell you if Updates are working, and show you a history of installed updates.
Command Line Client
The following commands will force the local client to do things:
REM Check for new updates:
wuauclt /detectnow
REM Install any new pending updates (warning, this may reboot your machine)
wuauclt /updatenow
REM NB: above command doesn't seem to work properly any more on Server 2012
REM Forec a Report into WSUS (may be useful if client says it is updated in WUapp, but WSUS says it is still missing patches):
wuauclt /reportnow
REM Force a machine to reregister with its WSUS server (not usually that useful):
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
Restart the Windows Service
Quite a few problems are resovled
by restarting the WU service on a client. The easiest way to restart
the service is via the command line:
net stop wuauserv
net start wuauserv
Key Registry Locations
Check the following keys for information:
General Settings will show you a few items, including NextDetectionTime (the Policy key is usually more useful though):
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate
(Group) Policy Settings include which (if any) local WSUS server you are using, and what the scheduled settings are:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate
Log File
Log file is located here:
%windir%\WindowsUpdate.Log
I won't go through it much, but the log file often contains a lot of errors which aren't neccessarily relevant. The important bits are:
- Can the WU Service on the machine access the WSUS server and/or internet to check-for and download patches?
- Is there a problematic update which is failing to apply?
- Are there other obvious errors?
Web Proxy Issues
Often, downloading issues are caused by a
web proxy. Check and/or Reset the Machine's proxy settings (which are different to
the logged in users' settings) with the following script (written in "Batch" to work across the whole gamut of OSes). Please note I haven't needed to try this on Server 2012/Win8 yet, so it may have changed.
@setlocal
@echo off
REM This Script resets the machine-level proxy config to autodetect & autoscript.
REM We need bitsadmin to do this - which is built into =>2008/Vista+, but not =<XP/2003
SET bitsadmin=bitsadmin
if not exist %windir%\system32\bitsadmin.exe SET bitsadmin="%~dp02003_bitsadmin_x86.exe"
REM Please note the above line probably doesn't cover 64-bit 2003...
Echo **
Echo ** Output current proxies to the screen (in case someone is watching this)
Echo **
%bitsadmin% /util /getieproxy networkservice 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /getieproxy localservice 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /getieproxy localsystem 2>/nul
Echo **
Echo ** Reset the proxy config on the machine to autodetect/Autoscript
Echo **
proxycfg -d 2>/nul
netsh winhttp reset proxy 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy networkservice NO_PROXY 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localservice NO_PROXY 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localsystem NO_PROXY 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy networkservice AUTODETECT 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localservice AUTODETECT 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localsystem AUTODETECT 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy networkservice AUTOSCRIPT http://wpad/wpad.dat 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localservice AUTOSCRIPT http://wpad/wpad.dat 2>/nul
%bitsadmin% /util /setieproxy localsystem AUTOSCRIPT http://wpad/wpad.dat 2>/nul
Last Resort: Reset the WU Service
The following commands perform a full reset of the WU client-side stuff. Try not to do this unless you know that your machine is quite busted.
This works on all OSes 2012R2 and below, and mostly works on XP/2003, but you need a copy of bistadmin.exe from the 2003R2 Tools (or Resource Kit, I forget). This is written in "Batch" to work across the whole gamut of OSes.
echo ********************************************************
echo ** Now resetting Windows Update Services on this machine
echo ********************************************************
REM Set the date format for later use. Please note this is __highly__ Locale Dependent, for non-Australian machines "old" is used instead.
FOR %%A IN (%Date%) DO (
FOR /F "tokens=1-3 delims=/-" %%B in ("%%~A") DO (
SET ISODATE=%%D%%B%%C
)
)
SET ISODATE=%ISODATE:~0,8%
echo %ISODATE% | findstr /r "^[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]" >NUL 2>&1
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 SET ISODATE=Old
echo ********************************************************echo ** We start by stopping the services
echo ********************************************************
sc config wuauserv start= disabled
net stop wuauserv
echo.echo ********************************************************echo ** Now we reset all BITS downloads and stop BITS serviceecho ********************************************************SET bitsadmin="bitsadmin"
if not exist "%windir%\system32\bitsadmin.exe" SET bitsadmin="%~dp02003_bitsadmin_x86.exe"
%Bitsadmin% /RESET /ALLUSERS
%Bitsadmin% /RESET
sc config bits start= disabled
net stop bits
net stop wuauserv
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Next, we delete the detection times
echo *******************************************************
reg delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update" /v AUState /f >nul 2>&1
reg delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update" /v NextDetectionTime /f >nul 2>&1
reg delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update" /v ScheduledInstallDate /f >nul 2>&1
reg delete "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate\Auto Update" /v DownloadExpirationTime /f >nul 2>&1
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Now we archive the log
echo *******************************************************
move "%windir%\WindowsUpdate.log" "%windir%\WindowsUpdate.log.%ISODATE%"
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Now we archive the internal datastore
echo *******************************************************
move "%windir%\SoftwareDistribution" "%windir%\SoftwareDistribution.%ISODATE%"
rmdir /q /s "%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\Application Data\Microsoft\Network\Downloader"
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Now we re-register all the DLLs (just to be safe)
echo *******************************************************
regsvr32 /s wuapi.dll
regsvr32 /s wuaueng.dll
regsvr32 /s wuaueng1.dll
regsvr32 /s wuauserv.dll
regsvr32 /s wucltui.dll
regsvr32 /s wups.dll
regsvr32 /s wups2.dll
regsvr32 /s wuweb.dll
regsvr32 /s qmgrprxy.dll
regsvr32 /s qmgr.dll
regsvr32 /s atl.dll
regsvr32 /s jscript.dll
regsvr32 /s msxml3.dll
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Now we restart the services, and see how we go
echo *******************************************************
REM We set it twice, first to auto then delayed; sometimes the sc call fails for -delayed, and we don't want to leave it in a Disabled state
sc config wuauserv start= auto
sc config bits start= auto
sc config wuauserv start= delayed-auto
sc config bits start= delayed-auto
net start bits
net start wuauserv
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** Now we wait for 30 seconds, and then we trigger a client detection
echo *******************************************************
ping -n 30 127.0.0.1 >nul
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
echo.
echo *******************************************************
echo ** All done (fingers crossed!)
echo *******************************************************
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